Managing Conflict Through Communication Essay - 1208 Words

Introduction Not every person is going to get along on a daily basis, and in a confined space. There’s going to be conflicts in every environment especially in the workplace where most people spend the greater part of the day. Conflict is hard to define because every situation is different, it could be either tangible or intangible in the case of feelings. Conflict resolution is a task not easily handled, and it can be really disparaging if not properly taken care of when it is identified. Workplace conflict can be caused by various factors, and can cause a great deal of stress for all those involved. We as human beings have different beliefs, and share different opinions on ideas. We also work and communicate differently, and in†¦show more content†¦Leaders have different ways of leading their teams, and employees have to deal with different leaders throughout any given day. Employees can become confused and irritated with the variation of leaders and how they lead. My cultural upbringing and personality did not allow me question authority, that was until I moved further along in my professional career and I must admit some of the culture of the United States has rubbed off on me. My example, involves the culture of the current organization I am with and the lack of strong leadership within the different groups I have to interact with. One leader is more open and inclusive, and I can approach them with concerns that we can solve with just one meeting, while my direct superior is very indecisive and avoids taking a stand for what I consider the smallest of decisions, and will prolong the inevitable with meeting after meeting and will send me off to other individuals when there is no need to involve anyone else. It has gotten to a point where, I avoid meetings and projects that this leader is involved with as I know I will not get the strong support that I need to execute the project. The final straw occurred when the team was instruct ed to start talking about the division and to point employees to our internally facing SharePoint siteShow MoreRelatedConflict Management : The Styles And Outcomes Of Managing Conflict1541 Words   |  7 PagesConflict Management: The Styles and Outcomes of Managing Conflict in Modern Society Corbin Metz University of Oklahoma Communication is an obligatory aspect for the existence of human life. In our society today, conflict is managed through various styles, some leading to more positive outcomes than others. Although many people attempt to not confront conflict and rather avoid the issue, which may cause it to worsen, it is an aspect that every person willRead MoreCommunication, Conflict, And Conflict1453 Words   |  6 Pages Communication and Conflict Margarita Vela COM325: Communication Conflict Instructor: Kenneth Newton March 10, 2015 Communication and Conflict Conflict is a contest or struggle between individuals with opposing values, beliefs, needs, goals, and ideas. On teams, conflict is inevitable; on the other hand, the conflict’s outcomes are not predetermined. Conflict may escalate and result in nonproductive outcomes, or it may be beneficially resolved and lead to quality outcomes (Cahn AbigailRead MorePractices of Leadership Contribute to Managing Communication in the Post Bureaucratic Era1415 Words   |  6 Pagesessay, I am going to discuss how practices of leadership contribute to managing communication in the post bureaucratic era. 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Persuasive Essay On Abortion - 1916 Words

Numerous people agree that abortion has always been an on-going issue in America, but the true protest between pro-choice and pro-life ignited in 1973 when Roe vs. Wade legalized abortion across the United States (Ravitiz par.6). Before that time, women still had abortions, but it was not a popular decision among the community. According to the Merriam Webster dictionary, abortion is defined as the termination of a pregnancy after, accompanied by, resulting in, or closely followed by the death of the embryo or fetus (Webster). Abortion is a popular issue today because it is the murder of an innocent human being, which has become known as an average procedure numerous women receive. This process is much more than an everyday decision a†¦show more content†¦Another complication that can cause life-long side effects is cervical damage. To perform a surgical abortion, the surgeon forcefully stretches the cervix in order to get to the child. The stretching will almost always resu lt in torn cervix muscles, but can also result in sever tears of the uterine wall. There are higher chances of this happening to teenage girls rather than grown women (Abortion Facts par.10). These are only a few of the hundred side effects that a woman can face by going through with this procedure. Most women will know about these side effects, but have the mindset that â€Å"It won’t happen to me†, but it can happen to anyone. When considering an abortion, women will research the physical side effects, but not pay attention to the emotional side of things. In addition, abortion should be made illegal because it causes psychological damage. The American Pregnancy Association (APA) stated, â€Å"Emotional and psychological effects following abortion are more common than physical side effects and can range from mild regret to more serious complications such as depression.† Obviously, physical side effects will affect your daily life, but emotional damage will affect the way you think, your overall attitude, and how you live. The APA continued to list some of the potential side effects such as: regret, anger, guilt, shame, sense of loneliness or isolation, loss ofShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Essay About Abortion993 Words   |  4 Pagesin two peoples perspectives. The story consisted of a daughter (Deb) and mother’s perspective after the death of her father. The purpose of this layout is to show how they are both grieving in individual ways. Writing for the persuasive was presented as an essay on why abortion should be accessi ble in every country, and to also outline the shame women receive. Purpose Purpose for writing publication- Purpose for writing a real-estate article was to inform a potential buyer on the house showed. AlsoRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay1119 Words   |  5 Pages To begin with, there has always been an extensive issue with the topic of abortion, why? Well, it’s a tough subject and can get extremely emotional and very defensive. Honestly, people just need to open up their eye’s and understand that its murder and not just a choice. It is murder because two can create a blessing and the choice of aborting it, is more like a sacrifice for the reason a mother can’t carry a baby for nine months. Whether a person is a minor, young adult, or an adult and is inRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay755 Words   |  4 Pagesinstead these babies are torn limb by limb, burned, and many other tortuous methods to end the precious life. Abortion is murder and is not only very cruel to the unborn baby but it also harms the mother. Pro-choice is an escape from the harsh reality that a baby is being murdered, and in my eyes a life should only be terminated if God himself is ready to call them home. One reason why abortion is wrong is because they are many other safe solutions that would give the child a chance at life. AdoptionRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion917 Words   |  4 PagesAbortions in Texas consist of ending a pregnancy of an unborn child before it can live out of the mother womb. However if the pregnancy ends not on purpose before the twenty four week mark then technically it would be considered a miscarriage. Though inducing the abortion on purpose has caused a lot of controversy over the past century. Deliberately putting people on one of two sides of this issues, of either being for it, which would be considered Pro Choice. Or in the other category of the ProRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1635 Words   |  7 Pagessolve this issue the option of abortion was brought to the forefront by scientists and advocates such as Dan Savage who mentioned that abortion should be mandatory for the next 30 years in or to control the population. (Ertlet) For countri es such as the U.S. with a growth rate being 1.6%, the proposal of widespread abortion is highly recommended as mentioned by obstetricians and gynecologists. (MumfordKessel) Who now leaves the question as to if the option of abortion should be used as a means ofRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion1228 Words   |  5 Pagesmillion pregnancies each year in the United States, 1.6 million end up in abortion† (Hern). Because of the numerous traumatic psychological, physical, and overall irresponsible behavior or actions constantly encouraged due to abortion, it should be banned, and forever illegal. Killing one’s own fetus has been linked to psychological distress which has been channeled into many different cases of substance abuse. â€Å"Induced abortion has been linked to increased rates of substance abuse, especially amongRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay804 Words   |  4 Pagesfamily with someone. Often times accidents happen in which people didn’t plan for, and can lead to many financial problems or neglect of one’s child because the parents weren’t prepared to be parents. This is why there should be the option of abortion. Abortion needs to be an option for everyone because it helps from long lasting mental states, infection, economical problems, and or having conceived from a non consensual circumstance. Pregnancy is a hard and unforgiving to the woman’s body. In factRead MorePersuasive Essay On Abortion954 Words   |  4 Pagesand nations who destroy life by abortion and euthanasia are the poorest. I do not say legal or illegal, but I think that no human hand should be raised to kill life, since life is God’s life in us, even in an unborn child.† Do you know what abortion really is? Abortion is the ending of pregnancy by removing a fetus or embryo before it can survive outside the uterus. Abortion seems to be more common in today’s society. Numerous amounts of individuals support abortion, and do not realize how it affectsRead MoreAbortion Persuasive Essay736 Words   |  3 Pagesfavor of abortion rights. The decision was 7-2, it stated that it showed a â€Å"right of privacy.†Abortions have been performed for thousands of years all around the world, even though many women died from it. Women nowadays have a choice of whether they want to get an abortion. Abortions do come with risk, one of them being death, but women should still have a right and say what they want to do with pregnancy and not be judged by others for doing so. 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Accounting Theories and its Types

Question: Discuss about the Accounting Theories and its Types. Answer: Introduction This study deals with discussing on accounting theories and its types. In this particular assignment, proper emphasis has been given on understanding the difference between positive accounting theory and normative accounting assumption (Watts and Zimmerman 2016). Accounting is the language of economics that gives managers as well as investors a consistent system so that they can present the assets of their corporation in a way where it should be transparent, informative and consistent at the same time. Positive and normative accounting is the theories that actually help in creating system for investors as well as managers so that they can use these theories in recent times (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016). Accounting systems are the consequence of carefully constructed applications that consist of theories that will help in finding the best from other economically accurate method for representing the performance of a company. Economics is both science and art. For instance, an inve stor views at the financial data for determining the most financially stable as well as attractive stocks that they desire to purchase. Addition to that, the money invested in the company comes as a statement regarding what products or services and investor find within the stipulated time. Therefore, the dichotomy in economies explains the ideals of both positive as well as normative accounting (Scott 2016). Positive Accounting Theory As rightly put forward by Jones (2015), Positive accounting theory examines the real life occurrences as well as finds ways for understanding the concept and then predicts how companies address the accounting treatment for those types of transactions. Addition to that, the hypothesis looks at the genuine real world comprising of dealings and proceedings that help in examining how companies accounts for those proceedings and seek to comprehend the financial consequences of those secretarial decisions (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016). This theory tries to predict by using the knowledge of how companies will companies will account for dealings as well as actions in the near future. Positive accounting presumption as well as accounting practices are objective and based on facts. This type of accounting focus mainly on analyzing the economic statistics as well as data as it derive at conclusions based on the given figures (Raj and Roy 2016). Three Hypothesis of Positive Accounting Theory There are three theory of positive accounting hypothesis where prediction is organized in definite form. The three hypotheses are as under with proper justification: Bonus Plan Hypothesis- Managers of business firms with bonus plans selects secretarial events that can shift reported earnings from the prospect periods to the present time. It has been done by the managers so that they can increase their bonuses for the recent year (Hendriksen 2016). Debt Covenant Hypothesis- The closer a firm is to violate the accounting-based debt covenants; manager of the firm selects accounting procedures by shifting the reported income from the prospect periods to the present period. It means increase the present earnings where the corporation will violate the debt covenants as well as management need to minimize the constraints for smooth functioning of business organization (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016). Political cost hypothesis- It depends upon the superior the political costs faced by the form where the managers selects secretarial procedures that defer reported earnings from present to prospect periods (Gaffikin 2016). How to achieve Positive Accounting Theory Positive accounting theory can be achieved by varying the accounting policies (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016) Positive accounting theory can be achieved by supervision the discretionary accruals Positive accounting theory can be achieved by adopting new secretarial standards (Christensen, Nikolaev and Wittenberg?Moerman 2016) Positive accounting theory can be achieved by altering the real variables such as advertising, repairs preservation and research development (Dutta and Patatoukas 2016) Positive accounting theory can be achieved by capitalizing operating expenses in the most appropriate way. Normative Accounting Theory According to Deegan (2013), normative theory of accounting is a deductive process after comparing it with positive accounting theory. Addition to that, normative starts with the theory as well as deuces to exact policies when constructive start with given policies and simplify to the higher-level philosophy. Addition to that, normative accounting practices is one of the form of value judgment where it introduces subjective morality into accounting. Normative theory executes the accounting process where it derives the value based income as well as undertaking the different approaches in the most appropriate way (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016). Difference between Positive accounting theory and Normative accounting theory Positive Accounting Theory Normative Accounting Theory Positive theories are descriptive, predictive or explanatory (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016) Normative theories are prescriptive Positive accounting theory is an example from the positive theory of accounting that explains and predicts the accounting practice (Christensen and Demski 2012) Normative accounting theory shows true income of a single measurement used for assets and an unique and correct profit figure (Christensen, Nikolaev and Wittenberg?Moerman 2016) Grounded in economic theory Normative theory help in decision-making process when the basic purpose of accounting is to aid the decision-making process of specified users that is presented through accounting reports in way to provide useful accounting data (Christensen, Nikolaev and Wittenberg?Moerman 2016) Advantages Focus on maintaining relationships between individuals that are involved in rendering resources for an organization and are known as agency relationship (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016). This relationship will be between : Owners and managers Managers and debt providers Advantages Normative accounting theory is subjective as well as aims at describing what the financial prospect should be for a corporation or an shareholder (Bonin 2013) When to use: Positive accounting theory can be best used for explaining the past financial events and the causes of a business or individual current financial standing (Christensen, Nikolaev and Wittenberg?Moerman 2016) This theory will help in determining the reason as to why a corporation is operating at a net loss and there is a need for implementing of positive accounting practices after comparing actual revenue to actual expenses for a given year This type of theory can be typically used for constructing financial documents like balance sheet as well as cash flow statements. When to use: Normative accounting theory can be best used at the time for setting the future economic policy based on the given theory (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016). Mission statement or market strategies of a given company can be included in the business plans that can be further viewed in the normative statements. It is thereby noted that the normative statements reflects the business ideals where any company wants to accomplish within the specified time (Beattie 2014) Working together Proper financial planning for any trade organization or in that case individual requires both positive and normative accounting theory (Christensen, Nikolaev and Wittenberg?Moerman 2016). The factual-based practices of positive accounting theory mainly explains underpinning for companies that engages in normative accounting as well as more unrealistic vision on how corporation operates and still earns profits from their operations. Addition to that, on a large scale, economists are of the opinion that financial policies can be used through normative accounting statements but in actual the normative accounting statements are based on the financial realities that is generated from positive accounting policies (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016). Example: If corporate growth allows a company for increasing the shareholder dividends over the previous dividend payments, then the theory on positive accounting will conclude that corporate growth actually causes a rise in the stakeholder dividends. Therefore, most of the bookkeeping as well as data collection align with accounting and positive economic theory (Avel 2014). Example: If a company increases its dividend payment, then they make use of funds for improving the corporate sustainability measures. This is where normative accounting theory is used as it indicates how much money should be invested in those measures for sustaining the corporate growth (Balakrishnan, Watts and Zuo 2016). Therefore, Normative accounting hypothesis deals with the prospect events rather than past information and that is difference from the positive accounting practices as the theory takes into account the past data (Christensen, Nikolaev and Wittenberg?Moerman 2016). Conclusion At the end of the study, it is concluded that both the accounting theories are important depending upon the situation the company faces. Positive accounting hypothesis tries in making good predictions in the actual world proceedings as well as translates into specific accounting transactions. Normative theories, on the other hand, tend to recommend what should be done. The above study clearly defines both the theories, its advantages that give proper insights of information that when these theories should be used by managers and investors. Differences are mentioned in the study because that will help in understanding the fact where theories are used at the time of collecting financial information. Normative theory expresses a decision regarding circumstances that is desirable or undesirable and based upon customary that is feasible. Positive accounting theory, on the other hand, expresses estimation on a situation that actually contains no suggestion of endorsement or displeasure and not based on an average. References Avel, D., 2014. Positive accounting theory: theoretical and critical perspectives.International Journal of Critical Accounting,6(4), pp.396-415. Balakrishnan, K., Watts, R. and Zuo, L., 2016. The effect of accounting conservatism on corporate investment during the global financial crisis.Journal of Business Finance Accounting,43(5-6), pp.513-542. Beattie, V., 2014. Accounting narratives and the narrative turn in accounting research: Issues, theory, methodology, methods and a research framework.The British Accounting Review,46(2), pp.111-134. Bonin, H., 2013.Generational accounting: theory and application. Springer Science Business Media. Christensen, H.B., Nikolaev, V.V. and Wittenberg?Moerman, R., 2016. Accounting information in financial contracting: The incomplete contract theory perspective.Journal of Accounting Research,54(2), pp.397-435. Christensen, J.A. and Demski, J., 2012.Accounting theory. Irwin/McGraw-Hill. Deegan, C., 2013.Financial accounting theory. McGraw-Hill Education Australia. Dutta, S. and Patatoukas, P.N., 2016. Identifying Conditional Conservatism in Financial Accounting Data: Theory and Evidence.The Accounting Review. Gaffikin, M.J., 2016. A Brief Historical Appreciation of Accounting Theory? But Who Cares?. InPioneers of Critical Accounting(pp. 109-142). Palgrave Macmillan UK. Hendriksen, E.S., 2016.Accounting theory. McGraw-Hill/Irwin. Jones, S.., 2015.The Routledge companion to financial accounting theory. Routledge. Raj, S.K. and Roy, S., 2016. Accounting Theory: An Ethical Perspective of Real Life Scenarios.International Journal of Business and Social Research,6(10), pp.47-55. Scott, W.R., 2016.Financial accounting theory(Vol. 2, No. 0, p. 0). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice hall. Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2016. Positive accounting theory: a ten year perspective.Accounting review, pp.131-156.